Comtemplative - 1368 Words

Life of San Pedro Calungsod Blessed Pedro Calungsod (c. 1654 – April 2, 1672) was a young Roman Catholic Filipino sacristan and missionary catechist, who along with Spanish Jesuit missionary Blessed Diego Luis de San Vitores, suffered religious persecution and martyrdom on Guam for their missionary work in 1672. Calungsod was beatified on March 5, 2000 by Blessed Pope John Paul II. On February 18, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI officially announced at Saint Peter’s Basilica that Calungsod will be canonised on October 21, 2012. Pedro was just one of the boy catechists who went with San Vitores from the Philippines to the Ladrones Islands in the western North Pacific Ocean in 1668 to evangelize the†¦show more content†¦The victim of all this invasion is the traditional Faith, the traditional moral standards, the cultural ways of life and behavior which 400 years of Christianity have tried to make part of the Filipinos’ way of life. Against the attacks on Christian life, against the prevailing lack of commitment to anything beyond material gain in contemporary culture, against the confusion and relativism of post-modernism, the unrestrained struggle for wealth and pleasure of the global culture preached by the media, we can place before the eyes of the young a role model of commitment to Christ and to his Gospel. We can invoke the intercession of a 17-year-old native Filipino to pray for, inspire and lead young people to a new understanding and love for Christ and his way, to a willingness to give witness to what the Gospel teaches, to a readiness by a young person to give his life for Christ and his Church. More: in an age when, as Pope John Paul II has said, youth in the Philippines must be willing to bravely proclaim their Christian Faith, both at home and even in other lands, what more splendid thing can be done than to give a concrete young person, catechist and missionary who is alive in the Crucified and Risen Christ today, for our young people to know, to pray to, to imitate? Christmas New Year’s Vacation Blessed Day! It was a vacation but most important it is the birth of

Salem Witch Trial Hysteria Essay - 818 Words

Twenty people were put to death for witchcraft in Salem during the 1692 Salem Witch Trial Hysteria. In The Crucible, a woman, Elizabeth Proctor, gets accused of witchcraft by a young girl by the name Abigail Williams, who just so happens to be having an affair with Elizabeth’s husband, John. Once John finds out Abigail accused his wife, he starts trying to find proof that all of these young girls are pretending that they are being hurt by these older women, just so that they will be hanged. The officials take Elizabeth and put her in jail, but cannot hang her because she becomes pregnant and she had no idea, so they are not going to harm the innocent child. John Proctor has no evidence that the girls are lying because his house servant,†¦show more content†¦The second cause of the Salem Witch Trials was lying little girls, who just wanted to start some drama. Document C and D states that the girls were acting, which is lying, and once they would say something and get themselves caught in a snare, they would go into a fit like someone was messing with them. Charles W. Upham writes, â€Å"They soon... became intoxicated...by the terrible success of their imposture (acting), and were swept along by the frenzy they had occasioned†¦. Once or twice they were caught in their own snare; and nothing but the blindness of the bewildered community saved them from†¦ well-deserved punishment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Document D). So the girls could of been great movie actors because they had everyone in the town of Salem fooled except for the people that were being accused of witchcraft, but because they were being accused nobody would listen to them, as a result twenty innocent people were killed during this horrible time. Paradoxically, the next cause of the Salem Witch Trial Hysteria of 1692 was lying little girls. The final cause of the Salem Witch Trial Hysteria was jealous girls. Analyzing the table in Document B, shows that most accused were females and they were mostly married. They also happened to be between the age forty-one through sixty. Document B, also shows that the accusers were mainly females that are single and around the ages sixteen through twenty. As a matter of fact, â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Salem Witch Trials, Hysteria and Religion794 Words   |  4 PagesSalem Massachusetts became the center of a horrible tragedy, which changed the life of many people. It was a hard time, because of the bad crops and diseases. The people in Salem had to blame someone or something. This people accused innocent people by calling them witches. They were accused by having contact with the devil, hurting people, to pinch people on their bodies and more. These actions were result of hysteria. Maybe those extraneous symptoms were result of an illness or bacteria. On theRead MoreWhat Caused the Salem Witch Trials Hysteria? Essay801 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ The salem witch trials hysteria of 1692 was caused by the Puritans strict religious standards and intolerance of anything not accepted with their scripture. The largest account of witch trials as well as deaths by witch trials occurred in Salem, a village heavily populated with the Puritans. Because most of the trials were occurring in Salem, this meant that the accusations were happening among the Puritans themselves, which could very well be anything as long as the Puritans found it as contradictingRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : The Biggest Faults Of Mass Hysteria By Fear772 Words   |  4 Pages Crucible Essay Many say the Salem Witch Trials was one of the biggest faults of mass hysteria by fear. The Crucible, a nonfiction play, was written by Author something. The play tells of a group of girls who were dancing in the woods expect Abigail. Abigail was trying to make a charm to kill Proctor’s Wife named Elizabeth because Abigail thinks she is in love with Proctor. Parris finds them in the woods and gets suspicious. This leads to the downfall of the whole town of salem. The posed questionRead MoreThe Effects Of Hysteria In The Crucible1489 Words   |  6 Pagescountless number of elements can be accounted for. Hysteria is a major leader in past and present day society when it comes to how people act and think in different situations. The Crucible provides great examples with how hysteria can affect a group of people. Back in Salem, Massachusetts 1692, hysterics swept the town, creating storms of emotion. Everyone is wondering, what to do? What to think? In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses the effects of mass hysteria to reveal his purpose of using it in his writingRead MoreHysteria In The Crucible1474 Words   |  6 Pagess behavior and thoughts. Hysteria, uncontrollable emotion among groups, is a major leader in past and present day society when it comes to how people act and think in different situations. The Crucible provides great examples with how hysteria can affect a group of people. Back in Salem, Massachusetts 1692, hysterics swept the to wn, creating a storm of emotions. Everyone wondering, what to do? What to think? In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses the effects of mass hysteria to reveal his purpose ofRead MoreCallous attitudes in the Crucible789 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿The Crucible Essay In the Crucible, Arthur Miller writes of the hysteria during Salem Witch Trials, hoping that the world will never do anything stupid again because of hysteria. During the Salem Witch Trials there were many people that chose to act as individuals, rather than a community. Judge Danforth, Reverend Parris , and Abigail Williams had the power to stop, and even prevent the trials, but chose not to because they did not care for anyone except themselves. Judge Danforth could have stoppedRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1700 Words   |  7 Pagesand 1693, Salem, Massachusetts had a huge political conflict over religion. Spring of 1692, was the when witchcraft became the center cause of the Salem Witch Trials, thereafter spreading fear throughout the citizens by questioning their ways of life. Hysteria tortured the people located in Salem for the next year by means of having twenty-three people hung, pressed, or drowned. This essay is the understanding of how witchcraft attempted to cre ate political order in Salem Town and Salem village andRead MoreEssay on The Theories of the Salem Witch Trials1135 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theories of the Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch trials and what caused them is very debatable. Some theories lead to Rye poisoning from bread to even people faking it. The most believable claim is that people were faking it. Everyone had a motive and they all just wanted to save themselves. It was a time when people were selfish and only cared for themselves. This time in Salem was a troubling time, making it seem likely that satan was active (Linder). The townsfolk are believed to haveRead MorePuritans And The Church Of England1301 Words   |  6 Pageswitchcraft/interacting with the devil, also known as the Salem witch trials. The Salem witch trials began in February 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts. It all started with a group of young girls that claimed to be possessed by the devil that started all of the mayhem soon to follow. The allegedly possessed group of young girls began accusing several local women of witchcraft; the town broke out into mass hysteria. (Salem Witch Trials, 2011) As a strongly religious community, fear of the devilRead MoreReasons : The Causes Of The Salem Witch Trials741 Words   |  3 Pagesarrested in Salem, Massachusetts. All but one of these people were believed to be witches (Background Essay). Prior to the hearing in Salem witch trials were carried out in several different towns. â€Å"In 17th century New England witchcraft was a serious crime (Background Essay).† Two girls aged nine and 11, Betty Parris and Abigail Williams, identified a slave name Tituba and two other local women as witches. This led to the accused women being carted off to jail starting the Salem Witch Trials. Without

Critical Assessment of the Danone Website †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Critical Assessment of the Danone Website. Answer: 1. Critical assessment of the Danone website as a nutrition advisory website stands out quite well than other websites as it almost in accordance with the guidelines provided by the Ministry of Health in New Zealand (Eating for Healthy Pregnant Women/Ng? Kai Totika m? te Wahine Hap? | HealthEd, 2017). This website can benefit pregnant women and nutrition experts alike as well as researchers who are looking to gather information about nutrition. It is not advised to solely depend on this website for information and always a professional nutritionist should be consulted (Nutrition while Pregnant | Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Australia, 2017). The website gathers collective data from peer reviewed journals as well as the guidelines of Ministry of Health, so the information is not fictional. This provides the website proper recognition for collecting useful information. The strength of this website is it has comprehensive data set according the need of the reader and is readily available on the internet. The weakness of this website is that since it a representation of a company, it does not provide primary evidence based research to support its facts but focuses on secondary data samples, but depending solely on the website for advise and knowledge is unacceptable and a professional advise should be taken seriously. The website provides a good initiative and can help many people who are searching for answers regarding pregnancy and infancy health. 2.Comparison between DANONE website and New Zealand Ministry of Health Nutritional Advice DANONE Website New Zealand Ministry of Health 1. Vegetables 2. Fruits 3. Fibre rich foods 4. Milk Products 5. Lean meat, eggs, beans, legumes, nuts 6. Fluid intake 7. Unsaturated oil, margarine and almond oil Things to Avoid: 1. Processed meat 2. Raw meat 3. Sea food(canned tuna, mercury fish et cetra 4. Pre cooked food 5. Unpasteurised food items 6. Caffeinated products 7. Soft serve ice creams, raw egg added food( mayonnaise, custard et cetra) 8. Alcohol 9. Smoking 1. 5 servings per day 2. 2 servings per day 3. Approx 8 servings 4. 2.5 servings 5. 3.5 servings 6. 9 glasses 7. Yes 1. Avoid 2. Avoid 3. Avoid 4. Avoid 5. Avoid 6. Not more than 300mg per day 7. Avoid 8. Strictly avoid 9. Strictly avoid 10. 6 servings per day 11. 2 servings per day 12. At least 6 servings 13. 3 servings 14. 2 servings 15. 9 glasses 16. Yes 1. Avoid 2. Avoid 3. Avoid 4. Avoid 5. Avoid 6. Limit intake 7. Avoid 8. Strictly avoid 9. Strictly avoid 3. Nutritional advice requires a lot of knowledge and especially in cases of pregnant women a lot has to be kept in mind regarding the health of the mother as well as the baby. The Danone website is a fairly good example of a nutrition advice website, as it contains a good explanation as of what food and care should be taken during the conception period (Nutrition while Pregnant | Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Australia, 2017). The sources of information provided in the website are fairly justified and in accordance with the Ministry of Health recommendations in New Zealand, so the website seems to be trustworthy (Eating for Healthy Pregnant Women/Ng? Kai Totika m? te Wahine Hap? | HealthEd, 2017). It has to be kept in mind that focussing on just one website cannot provide complete nutrition advice in any medical condition. The approach to better nutrition in pregnancy should be based on extensive and focussed research, which cannot be obtained from just one source. 4. Lowered levels of vitamin D are a major concern among all the general population, especially in children and pregnant women. This poses a concern among the nutritionists and paediatricians across the globe. The Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society and Osteoporosis Australia along with Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group, Royal Australasian College of Physicians and Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, released a public statement addressing the fact in the public scenario (Paxton et al., 2013). The paper states that the deficiency of Vitamin D and calcium absorption and the entire associated imbalance in these two parameters affects the absorptive mechanism in the foetus. The primary outcome of the scientists was to survey previous and current research articles to re-evaluate the dietary threshold ingestion for vitamin D in adults specifically on ladies amid pregnancy and lactation. The proper threshold intake of vitamin D amid pregnancy and lactation is not yet known, despite the fact that it has all the estimated values is more than the what the present dietary suggestion admission of 200400 IU/d (510 g/d). Measurements of 10,000 IU vitamin D/d (250 g/d) for up to 5 mo don't elevate flowing 25-hydroxyvitamin D to focuses 90 ng/mL, although dosages of 1000 IU/d, much of the time show up to be insufficient for keeping up typical circulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the body to about 15 to 80 ng/mL. Evaluation of the research article shows that the review is based on secondary data but no analysis of the data is provided. Absence of primary data also fails to support the findings of the article, which is a major flaw and does not provide statistical data to derive a conclusion. In the light of assessment question, vitamin D intake is very essential for the health of both mother and the baby for its growth and development of bone strength. Women also are associated with decrease of calcium in the body with age and with pregnancy extra care has to be n taken to ensure safety and health of both baby and the mother. The New Zealand Ministry of Health suggests taking dietary vitamin supplements, but the Danone website does not mention the importance of incorporating the vitamin D supplement during pregnancy, this is a flaw in the nutrition advice of the website. The article was published in accordance with the Early Nutrition Academy who evaluated a methodical review of human studies on the role of prenatal and postnatal feeding of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) on the growth and development of a newborn baby. The scientists observed statistical data published between 2008 to 2013 and evaluated the data as well as formulated recommendations specifically concentrating on Asian populations. Their research showed that the risk of preterm delivery, before 34 weeks of conception can be minimized if the consumption of n3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy is increased. Additionally it is recommended that during pregnancy more than 200 mg docosahexaenic acid (DHA) to be consumed per day along with LC-PUFA to minimize the preterm delivery issue more. Higher consumptions of DHA (600800 mg DHA/day) have been proven to be essential for protecting against premature preterm delivery. The article consists of peer reviewed articles from Pubmed set in randomized control trails as well as cohort based study approaches to find out a set of outcomes for consumption of DHA and LC-PUFA. Evidence based research has shown the impact of prenatal and postnatal DHA supply on child improves neurological development and minimizes allergy sensitivity (Sun et al., 2017). Breast-feeding during infancy provides the best source of nutrition to develop the childs immunity and brain development. Increased cognitive function, immunity, reduced allergy sensitivity, maternal depression have all been associated with the intake of DHA and LC-PUFA. More than 200 mg DHA per day consumption is advisable to women undergoing breast-feeding to ensure approximately DHA content of 0.3% fatty acids in breast milk. 100 mg DHA/day and 140 mg AA/day are recommended from end of first trimester. The evidence for quantitative data was not provided in the article on the AA levels in breast feeding as well as external feeding. The article fails to provide solid prim ary data to support its hypothesis but provides an in depth review of many secondary data in a mix of randomized control trials as well as cohort studies. This makes the analysis of statistical data considerable. The scientist think that more research needs to be done to find out the effects of the needs and effects of LC-PUFA during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood. In review of the assessment, this is new recommendation that nutritionists should consider. The Danone website failed to provide the relationship between these two substances and pregnancy in their website but is mentioned a little in the Ministry of Health website. The reviewed journal recommendations are closely evaluated to come to the conclusion that eating healthy food is essential in facilitating child and mother health during and after pregnancy. Both the articles reviewed have detailed descriptions about their recommendations and set amount of the substances they focussed on their nutritional requirement. Based on the recommendations of these two journals it can be concluded that nutritional advice requires a lot of research and focussing on just one website or journal does not provide an all rounded guidance. The Danone website is a good example of nutritional advice and its contents are parallel to that of the Ministry of Health in New Zealand, but both the websites lack in one point or other. It is advisable to review as many websites and journals possible before providing guidance to a pregnant lady. The Danone website is a good example of basic nutrition requirement and can be advised to would be parents, but fact assessing is neces sary. References: Eating for Healthy Pregnant Women/Ng? Kai Totika m? te Wahine Hap? | HealthEd. (2017).Healthed.govt.nz. Retrieved 17 March 2018, from https://www.healthed.govt.nz/resource/eating-healthy-pregnant-womenng%C4%81-kai-totika-m%C4%81-te-wahine-hap%C5%AB Hollis, B. W., Wagner, C. L. (2004). Assessment of dietary vitamin D requirements during pregnancy and lactation.The American journal of clinical nutrition,79(5), 717-726. Koletzko, B., Boey, C. C., Campoy, C., Carlson, S. E., Chang, N., Guillermo-Tuazon, M. A., ... Su, Y. (2014). Current information and Asian perspectives on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation, and infancy: systematic review and practice recommendations from an early nutrition academy workshop.Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism,65(1), 49-80. Nutrition while Pregnant | Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Australia. (2017).Danonenutricia.co.nz. Retrieved 16 March 2018, from https://www.danonenutricia.co.nz/first-1,000-days/pregnancy/ Paxton, G. A., Teale, G. R., Nowson, C. A., Mason, R. S., McGrath, J. J., Thompson, M. J., ... Munns, C. F. (2013). Vitamin D and health in pregnancy, infants, children and adolescents in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement.Med J Aust,198(3), 142-143. Sun, G. Y., Simonyi, A., Fritsche, K. L., Chuang, D. Y., Hannink, M., Gu, Z., ... Beversdorf, D. Q. (2017). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): An essential nutrient and a nutraceutical for brain health and diseases.Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA).

Power And Hierarchy Are Intrinsic To A Healthcare System In Australia

Question: Discuss about the Power And Hierarchy Are Intrinsic To A Healthcare System In Australia. Answer: Introduction Governments all over the world are aiming to provide value for money health benefits for its citizens. As the health costs across the world are spiraling out of control special focus is being paid on beliefs of illness, modalities of treatment and beliefs about health. Health professionals and the hospitals are under constant pressure to diagnose the illness accurately and to find its cure. We are living in an age where people are obsessed with health. They are continuously being bombarded with images and messages from fitness gurus, health authorities and health professionals where ever they go (Berry De Geest, 2012). In this essay, we will discuss how power and hierarchy are intrinsic to a healthcare system in Australia. We would discuss about theories and perspectives such as the biomedical approach, Pluralist theory and socialist dominance theory. We will also discuss how biomedical approach has failed to capture the impact of hierarchy and power on the healthcare system in Aust ralia. (Cockerham, 2013).Like many other countries, Australia has maintained a symbiotic and interdependent relationship between the community, government, and medicine. This relationship has been based on reciprocity and mutual resource dependency. But there are evidence that social trends such as proletarianization, corporatization, and managerialism are giving rise to challenges to the power of the medicine. (Cockerham, 2013). Australian healthcare has been influenced by ideologies of the center right and center-left parties. (Rayner Lang, 2012). Sociologists of science and medicine have always argued how modern health professionals are seeking opportunities to secure their legitimate position and gain their turf in the healthcare sector. These studies stress how labor division in the healthcare settings is maintained, challenged, constructed and negotiated by daily actions (Kieft, et al., 2014). In Australia, the Biomedical approach is the one that is predominant to illness and health. The health care system focuses on the biological and physical aspects of illness and disease. This model ideologically underpins the contemporary beliefs of nature as well as the remedies of disease and illness. Firstly, illness was an imbalance within the individual. But this model changed the perspective from bedside medicine to being hospital medicine shifting to an object orientated approach. Body The health care professionals (doctors, nurses etc) experience a privileged position in the healthcare industry due to this biomedical approach (Wilson, 2012). Sociologists have argued that it is necessary that economic factors along with political factors are incorporated in this profession. Eliot Friedson in the year 1984 focused on the medical profession and explained how government needs to regulate the autonomy on the work of the health professionals (Kieft, et al., 2014) . He showed his concern that due to the nature of this profession and its knowledge and expertise healthcare professionals have an autonomy. Even when they have numerous ideological and political conflicts. He explains how once this profession has achieved autonomy they will easily secure government authority and will set educational requirements and standards for their profession. Willis has also identified how healthcare workforce in Australia have practiced medical dominance on different levels. Firstly, the se professionals have autonomy on their work and do not have any evaluation by any other body or organization (Wilson, 2012). Secondly, they hold authority of direct supervision as well as limiting of other health professionals groups such as dentists, physiotherapists and homeopaths. Thirdly they practice absolute power on health occupations through referrals, paid leaves, pensions etc. Friedson explains how medical dominance is prevalent in four dimensions in healthcare sector. Firstly, it is in the form of medical research and knowledge which is approved by health professionals, secondly physicians treat and diagnose, thirdly physicians supervise other healthcare professionals and lastly healthcare professionals do not possess equal status in their profession (Cronin, et al., 2015). This gives the physicians the occupational power to easily influence the decisions for resource allocation and on organizational authority. This present status of medical practitioners is due to the s ocial, technological, economic and political factors. But many developments are challenging this medical sovereignty (Rayner, Lang, 2012) . Some of these developments are other health professions such as physiotherapy, nursing, and psychology seeking their own independence and power. Physiotherapists have majorly achieved this independence as they have got the status of being an allied health profession. But other professionals such as nurses still are subordinate to the physicians . This has led to many incidences of struggle between health personnels. Medical dominance is not limited to patient-doctor relationship but could present it in forms like subordination where higher healthcare providers direct their subordinates (Kieft, et al.,2014). social forces such as deskilling, technology, cost-cutting policies by the government and deprofessionalism are also undermining the power of medicine (Wilson, 2012). To understand it lets take an example of a patients family that wants to b e involved in the treatment and decision making regarding the care of their family member. This changes the authority that the physician had to a more team orientated partnership. She explains how this arrangement will include open communication, cross-referrals, reviews etc. this team orientated approach in restructuring the Australian healthcare system can be great as it will give equal power to all its members. Another factor that can curb the autonomy of the physicians or their medical dominance is through cost containment measures and malpractice suits as followed by other countries like United States of America. Despite these points the public legitimacy and prestige related to this profession is very high. The power of this profession is increasing with the advances that are made in technology, surgery and diagnostic techniques. Gender and class factors also play a vital role in medical dominance as it is observed that allied professionals are usually females and of a low soc ial class. These allied professionals are continuously making demands through their unions for better working hours and pay. (Wilson, 2012). Many studies have supported the view that independent status of allied professions such as dentists, physiotherapists etc will affect the medical dominance (Wilson, 2012) . While many other studies have shown that this has not caused any difference in the medical dominance but has increased the dominance of medicine through the division of labor. There is a shortage of empirical data that can prove how the independence of allied professions has affected medical dominance. There was a study conducted by Brian S. Turner in the year 1986 who studied the complaints made by nurses in their daily work. These complaints were about the constraints that are imposed with by their superiors in a hospital setting. The data showed that the nurses were made clear that they are subordinate by their profession and cannot make any autonomous decisions for the patients care. (Kieft, et al.,2014). The Biomedical model does not discuss the impact of power and hierarchy in the health care setting. (Neilson, 2017). Numerous studies have shown that there is a link between social domination and boundary demarcation. Lets first understand what is a hierarchy? Hierarchy is a layered system that has members of a society or organization that are ranked according to the relative authority or status (Cronin, et al.,2015),( Knight, Mehta, 2016). Whereas power is the capacity or ability to act and do something in a specific way (Neilson, 2017). This capacity influences the course of events and influences others. In Australia healthcare system, should give universal access to its citizens in the form of services that are funded by taxes. Medicare is the health program that covers this universal access to treatments in hospitals and other medical services (Sav, et al.,2015). But does this philosophy of universal access is underpinning Medicare as Medicare has always been based on equity? Th is equity should ensure equal access to all services. This is just an ideal form of definition for equal access which in the case of Medicare is not getting justified (Neilson, 2017).. The dilemma that health educators and administrators feel is that the medical profession that is dominant in the country is maintaining its status in the healthcare system but other allied professions are also striving for their power and autonomy. This is affecting the patients as professional autonomy and medical shortages are strengthening their medical dominance over the sector but the people are getting affected due to lack of quality healthcare. (Greenfield, et al.,2014). Social epidemiologists and scientists have shown how time and place as dimensions are involved in influencing the health of an individual. Different theories like social dominance theory explain how inequality is based on age, sex and the arbitrary set. Where age explains how adults have more power and status than children in the society, sex discrimination shows how men are more powerful in the society than women and arbitrary set is about discrimination based on ethnicity example whites used to hold power over blacks (Willis, 2011). Pluralist theory: A functionalist perspective is about power distributed in veto groups where the government is just an impartial participant (Muntaner, et al.,2015).. This theory could be understood by taking an example of parents being impartial arbiters while their kids are fighting. So, the government acts a referee to ensure that competition is fair among all the groups. Another theory called the elite theories: conflict perspectives explain how po wer in the democratic society is in the hands of few wealthy organizations and individuals. This power in the hands of few influences even the government and shape the decisions in the interest of these wealthy people (Muntaner, et al., 2015). A government where in any country should be neutral, but with the impact of this theory government officials and politicians cater to the interests and needs of the few. In Australia, power and hierarchy are affecting the health and care giving in numerous ways. One such setback is the inability of the poor to quit smoking. The Australian government has recently increased the tax on tobacco to which now a pack of cigarette will cost almost 40$ (Tropman, Nicklett, 2012). But it will only affect the poor in more adverse ways, as now they will spend their income on tobacco and forego the expenses on essentials as food and shelter. New Zealand faced the same problem when the poor income families faced more difficulties when the government increas ed the tax on tobacco (Tropman, Nicklett, 2012). A study titled Socio-economic disparities in tobacco exposure and use: are the gaps widening? and another study Impact of tobacco control interventions on socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: a review of the evidence concentrate on the fact that how power relations are influencing the social geography of tobacco use and smoking. Power is defined as the capacity to act in the interest of an organization or individual (Cronin, et al.,2015). It was in the year 1997 Grabb identified how government can control the production by controlling the materials used for production, they can also control the production by controlling labor power, and by controlling ideology and cultural dominance. This study stresses on the fact that there may be an intentional class profiling and intentional racial profiling while advertising for tobacco. Greenhalgh, EM, Scollo, MM, Pearce, M. in their article Smoking, ill-health, financial stress and smoking -related poverty among highly disadvantaged groups explained how citizens who were living in remote and regional areas of the country which comprised of over 30% of the Australian population have higher rates of smoking than people who were living in the major cities and regions (Hill, et al.,2013). Prevalence of smoking in areas around the cities have reduced over time but the percentage of people smoking in these remote regions have remained the same. These people have also reported having more tobacco-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, and asthma. (Bonevski, B., Bryant, J. Paul, C., 2010), (Hitsman, 2016), (Jiang, et al.,2017), ( Millett, et al., 2011), (Wang, et al.,2015). Conclusion In this essay we learned how healthcare cannot be relied on only the use of the healthcare models. These models have various implications for the society, patient, and for the credibility of the healthcare sector. As a health professional, we need to focus that we should not take advantage of the power that we are given by the healthcare model. We should not engage in self-regulation and should point out any irregularity in our profession. Medical errors and fatalities need to be reported even when they are done by a superior (Rayner Lang,2012). We should not treat patients as through put and should not treat them based on quantified averages. Example how long should a mother take to give birth etc. We need to learn that absolute control of the profession is neither helping the public nor it is helping the health professionals as decreased waiting list numbers are a proof (Wilson, 2012). Clinical governance and managerialism are needed to control the autonomy of physicians which in turn will help us to gain the trust of the public in the healthcare sector. While the structural dominance intrinsic to the healthcare sector but the medical dominance is not needed in this profession. This struggle to gain control and turf on the healthcare sector is only reducing the trust that the public has in this profession. Further empirical research is needed to learn about the struggle and the perspectives that the patients, medical professionals, and health professionals have on this issue. As a health professional, we need to monitor our self-perception of competence as this is influencing our perception about authority and in turn medical dominance. We need to perceive our own position in the health care industry and build our attitude for a team orientated patient-centered care. Where we have a realistic relationship with our allied counterparts and our patients. References Berry, E. De Geest, S. (2012). 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